In this study, approximately 97 million CD8+ T cells from the 76 patients were interrogated using DECODE, which identified T cell specificity to 648 epitopes presented by four HLA alleles across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. “While the extent of the protection from existing memory T cells would need to be further explored, we believe that understanding this aspect of response is key to the development of next generation T cell-based vaccines for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.” “Using the DECODE platform, we were able to identify which epitopes were involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the HLAs that drove cross-reactive memory, as seen in some people who had not been exposed to the virus,” said Daniel Pregibon, Ph.D., Head of Platform Discovery and Technology, Repertoire Immune Medicines. To further define the cellular mechanisms involved in memory responses to SARS-CoV-2, Repertoire’s DECODE platform was utilized to provide a comprehensive decoding of CD8+ T cell response in 76 people across three cohorts: patients actively infected with SARS-CoV-2, patients who had recovered from infection, and individuals who had not been exposed to the virus. Therefore, a more complete understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms that regulate immunity and contribute to long-term protection is required with infectious diseases like COVID-19.
However, viral variants with altered antigens can potentially circumvent T cell memory, rendering the immune response less effective. When recognized by the immune system, the presented antigens can trigger long-term memory, allowing CD8+ T cells to respond quickly if a viral antigen appears again. The cell-mediated immunity required to eliminate virally infected cells is facilitated by antigens presented by HLAs. “The association between specific HLA genotypes and the CD8+ T cell response we observed using our DECODE™ platform may have important implications for vaccine development to address long-term immunity and protection against variants.” “Our ability to develop optimal treatments for disease and vaccines for viral infections like COVID-19 requires that we fully understand the features of a successful immune response,” said Anthony Coyle, Ph.D., President, Research and Development, Repertoire Immune Medicines. The paper, “ Allelic variation in Class I HLA determines CD8+ T cell repertoire shape and cross-reactive memory responses to SARS-CoV-2”, was published online today in Science Immunology. CAMBRIDGE, Mass.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Repertoire Immune Medicines, announced today that Science Immunology published the company’s research showing that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype significantly influenced the immune recall of CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) in reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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